More and more high school students with disabilities are planning to continue their education in postsecondary schools, 包括职业和职业学校, 两年制和四年制大学, 和大学. 作为一名残疾学生, you need to be well informed about your rights and responsibilities as well as the responsibilities that postsecondary schools have toward you. Being well informed will help ensure that you have a full opportunity to enjoy the benefits of the postsecondary education experience without confusion or delay.
以下信息由美国民权办公室(OCR)提供.S. Department of Education to explain the rights and responsibilities of students with disabilities who are preparing to attend postsecondary schools. 这些信息解释了高等院校提供学术调整的义务, 包括辅助设备和服务, 确保学校不因残疾而歧视学生.
OCR enforces Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Title II), 哪些禁止基于残疾的歧视. Practically every school district and postsecondary school in the United States is subject to one or both of these laws, 都有类似的要求. 因为学区和高等学校都必须遵守同样的法律, you and your parents might believe that postsecondary schools and school districts have the same responsibilities. This is not true; the responsibilities of postsecondary schools are significantly different from those of school districts.
此外, you will have responsibilities as a postsecondary student that you do not have as a high school student. OCR strongly encourages you to know your responsibilities and those of postsecondary schools under Section 504 and Title II. 这样做会增加你进入高等教育后获得成功的机会.
下面的问题和答案提供了更具体的信息来帮助你成功.
是的. 第504节和第二章保护小学生, 中学生和大学生免受歧视. 不过, several of the requirements that apply through high school are different from the requirements that apply beyond high school. 例如, Section 504 requires a school district to provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to each child with a disability in the district's jurisdiction. 不管是什么残疾, a school district must identify an individual's education needs and provide any regular or special education and related aids and services necessary to meet those needs as well as it is meeting the needs of students without disabilities.
不像你的高中，你的大专学校不需要提供FAPE. 而, your postsecondary school is required to provide appropriate academic adjustments as necessary to ensure that it does not discriminate on the basis of disability. 除了, 如果你的高等教育学校为非残疾学生提供住房, 它必须提供可比较的, 以同样的费用为残疾学生提供方便和无障碍的住房.
No. 如果你符合入学的基本要求, 高等教育学校不能仅仅因为你有残疾就拒绝你的录取.
No. 然而, 如果你想要学校提供学术调整, 你必须承认自己有残疾. 同样的, you should let the school know about your disability if you want to ensure that you are assigned to accessible facilities. 在任何情况下，你的残疾披露都是自愿的.
适当的学业调整必须根据你的残疾和个人需要来决定. 学业调整包括对学业要求和辅助援助和服务的修改, 例如, 安排优先权注册;...提供笔记员、录音设备、手语翻译、延长测试时间;...为学校的电脑配备屏幕阅读功能, 语音识别或其他自适应软件或硬件.
在提供学术调整方面, your postsecondary school is not required to lower or effect substantial modifications to essential requirements. 例如, 虽然你的学校可能需要提供延长的测试时间, 不需要改变考试的实质内容. 除了, your postsecondary school does not have to make modifications that would fundamentally alter the nature of a service, 计划或活动或将导致不当的财政或行政负担. 最后, 你的高等教育学校不需要提供私人服务员, 单独规定的设备, 读者个人使用或学习, 或其他个人性质的设备或服务, 比如辅导和打字.
你必须告知学校你有残疾，需要进行学业调整. 不像你的学区, your postsecondary school is not required to identify you as having a disability or assess your needs. Your postsecondary school may require you to follow reasonable procedures to request an academic adjustment. 您有责任了解并遵循这些程序.
利记sbo process for acquiring academic accommodations; click 在这里 .
虽然你可以在任何时候要求你的高等学校进行学术调整, 你应该尽早提出要求. 一些学术调整可能比其他调整需要更多的时间. You should follow your school's procedures to ensure that your school has enough time to review your request and provide an appropriate academic adjustment.
一般来说,是的. Your school probably will require you to provide documentation that shows you have a current disability and need an academic adjustment.
学校可以制定合理的文件标准. 一些学校比其他学校要求更多的文件. 他们可能会要求你提供由适当的专业人员准备的文件, 比如医生, 心理学家或其他合格的诊断专家. The required documentation may include one or more of the following: a diagnosis of your current disability; the date of the diagnosis; how the diagnosis was reached; the credentials of the professional; how your disability affects a major life activity; and how the disability affects your academic performance. The documentation should provide enough information for you and your school to decide what is an appropriate academic adjustment.
如果你所拥有的文件不符合高等学校的要求, a school official must tell you in a timely manner what additional documentation you need to provide. 您可能需要一个新的评估，以便提供所需的文件.
Neither your high school nor your postsecondary school is required to conduct or pay for a new evaluation to document your disability and need for an academic adjustment. 这可能意味着你必须花钱或寻找资金来聘请合适的专业人士来做这件事. 如果你有资格通过你的州职业康复机构获得服务, 您可能有资格免费进行评估.
The school will review your request in light of the essential requirements for the relevant program to help determine an appropriate academic adjustment. It is important to remember that the school is not required to lower or waive essential requirements. If you have requested a specific academic adjustment or an alternative one if the alternative also would be effective. 学校也可以自费对你的残疾和需求进行评估.
You should expect your school to work with you in an interactive process to identify an appropriate academic adjustment. 不像你在高中时的经历, 然而, do not expect your postsecondary school to invite your parents to participate in the process or to develop an IEP for you.
一旦你意识到结果和你期望的不一样，就告诉学校. 如果您等到课程或活动完成后再纠正问题可能为时已晚. 你和你的学校应该共同努力解决这个问题.
No. 此外, it may not charge students with disabilities more for participating in its programs or activities than it charges student who do not have disabilities.
最后, students with disabilities who know their rights and responsibilities are much better equipped to succeed in postsecondary school. 我们鼓励你与学校的工作人员合作，因为他们也希望你成功. 寻求家人、朋友和同学的支持，包括那些有残疾的同学. 了解自己的才能并充分利用它们, 相信自己，迎接教育中的新挑战.